The ONE Campaign and MLM
Like slavery and apartheid, poverty is not natural. It is man-made and it can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings.Nelson Mandela
We don't want your money, we want your voice.Bono, Live 8, 2005
How One Person can make a Global Difference
Like millions of other viewers, Bob Geldof (lead singer of the Irish pop group Boomtown Rats) was strongly affected by a special news item by reporter Michael Buerk on the famine in Ethiopia broadcast by the BBC on 24 October 1984. In line with the point I made in my last entry, about it being easy for the truth to be lost to history, I happened to notice when researching this entry that other than The Wikipedia entry on Michael Buerk, all the other Wikipedia pages relating to the birth of this world-wide movement currently describe the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation News broadcast on 1 November 1984 by journalist Brian Stewart as being 'the original TV report that inspired Live Aid and Live 8 (1 November 1984)', or 'Thoughts and photos from Brian Stewart, the first Western journalist to cover the story'.
Some may see it as a trivial point, but since this post is about the difference one person can make, and how things can spread like 'wildfire' after one person experiences an intense 'shift', in the interests of historical accuracy I will be correcting the relevant Wikipedia pages to reflect the fact that it was actually Michael Buerk, then the BBC correspondent for Africa based in South Africa and living there, who broke the story. He had been trying to get the Ethiopian government's permission to travel to the famine stricken north of the country for months, after the August rains had failed to appear. He recounts the full story in the Guardian newspaper online here, and also in ">the script of a twenty year retrospective BBC documentary, with Claire Bertschinger, broadcast in January 2004. Bertshinger, an Anglo-Swiss nurse from Hertfordshire, England, working for the Red Cross, was working at the epicentre of the Ethiopian famine resulting from the failure of the East African rains in 1984. She was doling out pitiful amounts of butter oil - all there was available - to five hundred mothers and their dying babies in a Red Cross building when Michael and his camera crew arrived at the village of Makalle, Tigray Province. The building was surrounded by 85,000 more starving and dying Ethiopians. Dozens were dying every night.
This was on 24 October 1984. In the above documentary script, Michael recounts how it took their team 'months of pleading' with the bureaucrats of Ethiopia's dictator, before they were allowed to travel there. Colonel Mengistu, a Marxist Emperor, 'an African Stalin', as Buerk calls him, had spent 100 million dollars celebrating the tenth anniversary of the 'glorious revolution' in which he had deposed the former Emperor Haile Selassie, but allocated no aid budget for the ten million starving Ethiopians.
Claire Bertschinger recalls, 'People didn’t know what was happening here. We were hidden...people didn’t know. And then you (Michael Buerk and his crew) arrived.'
It was the overwhelming sympathetic response of Michael Buerk, a quality not always identified with journalists, which led him to cut an extended news report of 8 minutes instead of the usual 3. Buerk's first report, aired by the BBC, was seen by about ten million people in the UK. There were not the competing satellite channels, then.
At the time, Margaret Thatcher's government were looking to reduce their foreign aid budget, and marxist regimes were at the bottom of the list. But from the day Buerk's report was aired, there was such a mobilisation of public opinion in Britain that just ten days Buerk himself had arrived, the first RAF plane, containing just a ton of food and medical supplies, arrived at the Ethiopian camp. The people of Britain were donating £100,000 a day to the famine appeal. Britain's children donated two million, ninety-six thousand, nine hundred and twenty-four envelopes of stamps to the magazine programme 'Blue Peter', which used it to fulfill a desperate need - fifteen water storage tanks for the villages and camps where the famine victims were.
Michael Buerk's report was syndicated to 425 stations around the world, alerting the developed world to the plight of the Ethiopians. CBC in Canada most likely received Buerk's syndicated report. Possibly they were alerted via Reuters, the 'journalist's jungle telegraph'. Stewart may have already been a friend of Michael Buerk, or perhaps he became one as a result of their meeting in Ethiopia. In any event, within a week Stewart and his Canadian CBC producer were in Ethiopia, filming the most famous face of famine, a young girl, Berhan Waldu, for whom a grave had actually been dug, so close to death was she, and her father, Ata Waldu Aman. But she survived. InBrian Stewart's December 2004 retrospective he calls them Birhan Woldu and Ato Woldu, but they are the same people. The film of Berhan/Birhan was seen by over half a billion people during the historic 1985 Live Aid Concert global satellite broadcast. After an extensive search, Stewart relocated Birhan in 1995 and has been supporting her and her family ever since.
The whole Live Aid movement came about, first in Britain, and then globally, because of another man who saw Michael Buerk's first eight minute Ethiopian famine report on the BBC News on that fateful day, 24 October 1984. That man was of course, the Irish musician, Bob Geldof. People are in the habit of calling him 'Sir Bob' since he received a knighthood from the Queen, but in fact he is not eligible for that title since he is an Irish, not a British, citizen, so it is an honorary title. However, I don't think anyone objects, since if ever a man deserved recognition, he does.
Buerk's Ethiopian news report galavanised Bob Geldof into action. He was like a man possessed, appearing on every T.V. news, magazine and interview programme he could. The next day he started contacting other UK musicians, and the record 'Do they know it's Christmas' which he co-wrote with Scottish musician Midge Ure of the band 'Ultravox' was released on 24 November 1984, exactly one month after Geldof saw Buerk's BBC report. Geldof thought it might raise £72,000, but it actually made £8 million, the biggest selling single record until Elton John's 'Candle in the Wind 1997' tribute to Diana, Princess of Wales. In February 1985 Bob Geldof took the British Prime Minister to task in a television interview. He was disgusted that she had refused to waive the 15% VAT British Government taxation on records from the Band Aid number one record. During the interview she also famously remarked that butter, such as that stockpiled in the European 'butter mountain', would not be of much use to the Ethiopians. Geldof pointed out to her that Butter Oil, a staple food supplement used in Ethiopia, is a byproduct of Butter. Sensing the weight of public opinion against them, Thatcher's government eventually agreed to waive the 15% government tax on the Ethiopian famine relief Band Aid record, 'Do they know it's Christmas'.
The two linked UK and US Live Aid concerts followed on July 13 1985, the first truly global concert, watched by more people than any concert before or since. The British Rock Group 'Queen', including guitarist Brian May and singer Freddie Mercury, sat in the royal box with Charles and Diana before going on stage, and in a recent poll of musicians and critics, reported by the BBC on 12 July 2006, their performance at Live Aid was voted the greatest rock performance of all time. Phil Collins travelled across the Atlantic on the Concorde supersonic airliner while other artists were performing, playing the same number 'I can feel it coming in the air tonight' first in London, and then in Philadelphia. The fact that musical tastes have changed - perhaps due to that 'overexposure'? - doesn't alter the fact that the event captured and reflected the mood of the moment.
In Buerk's January 2004 BBC documentary, he was able to interview both Berhan and her father again, after they had survived relocation by air by the government, another famine in 1988 and the death of Berhan's sister. They had walked home, to be found and supported since 1995 by Canadian journalist Brian Stewart.
All proceeds and donations, and merchandising from the two original Live Aid concerts held simultaneously in Wembley Statium, London and JFK Stadium, Philadelphia raised and sent about £150 million (around $283.6 million US)to Ethiopia as supplies for famine relief. Geldof's original hope was that the Live Aid concerts would raise £1 million ($1.89 million). However, as he remarked in the documentary, they ended up raising more than the total 1985 budget of the UNICEF International Aid Agency for East Africa.
I recently discovered the ONE website, the U.S. version of our UK Make Poverty History Campaign. As of just a moment ago, two million, four hundred thousand, five hundred and forty-five people have entered their names and email address on the U.S. ONE site alone.
Makepovertyhistory.org describes this campaign, which had its beginnings as a global movement in the Live Aid concerts on both sides of the Atlantic in 1985, as 'The biggest ever anti-poverty movement'. Given the global media coverage of the ten simultaneous concerts all over the world, during the UK hosting of the 2005 G8 summit, and the involvement and support of many heads of states and leading world figures such as Nelson Mandela, this seems a justifiable claim. Millions, from little children like my own who are publicising the movement by wearing a white wristband, to Prime Ministers, Chancellors and Presidents, have given their support to a lesser or greater extent, according to the dictates of their conscience, and as their personal priorities, time and position permits. Please do the same. I'll explain a little more.
Unity is power. Make Poverty History UK and ONE are just two of 84 national coalitions which banded together in 2005 to form the Global Campaign Against Poverty (GCAP).
Last year, on 2 July 2005, the purpose of the ten Live Aid twentieth-anniversary (billed as 'Live8') held simultaneously around the world was not to raise money, as Bono confirms in my header quote. Held during the G8 Summit in Edingburgh, Scotland, the concerts were well supported by the British Prime Minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer (UK Treasurer). On 7 July 2005, the day after the final concert, the G8 world leaders agreed to double their combined aid to Africa from the U$25 billion dollars US spent in 2004 to $50 billion by the year 2010.
Since that first BBC news report on 24 October 1984, Bob Geldof, Midge Ure, Bono and their whole international network of musicians, comedians, with the support of a new generation of politicians, have grappled with the huge difficulties of attempting to help the millions of people who suffer from periodic famine due to failure of the rains in the poorest region on Earth, East Africa. They have learned an enormous amount, but of course there is still a huge task ahead of all of us. For Geldof and Bono to have been fellow guests in the hotel where the leaders of the eight most powerful nations on Earth were staying, and be free to lobby and discuss the issues with them, shows how far a popular movement initiated by one passionate man can go. It is little wonder that young people in Britain recently voted Bob Geldof to be the person they most respect.
If you would like to express your support for the Global Campaign resulting from Geldof's viewing of Buerk's report, you may do so by adding your name and email address to the two million plus here: One.org. You can also make a public statement and help keep the issue in the public eye by wearing a white wrist band, available from here: Whiteband.org(Global Campaign Against Poverty)
Peaceful Public demonstrations involving giant symbolic white bands are also due to take place all over the world, during the 'month of mobilisation' starting tomorrow, September 16 2006, until October 17 2006. Details of planned actions here: Global Campaign Against Poverty activities by country, September 16 - October 17 2006. Get involved.
And just how does all this and the ONE Campaign relate to MLM - Multi-level Marketing? Well, just as MLM offers the promise of prosperity by recruiting and befriending just a couple of reliable people, who then go on to do the same, and so on down the chain, retaining their loyalty long-term, the ONE campaign uses exactly the same method, asking each signatory to just pass the link on to five people, to get the word out to everyone. Both an MLM business and the ONE campaign, to be ultimately successful, requires just the same kind of dedication, persistence, faith and integrity.
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